Water science, standards & regulations
How water is purified, balanced and packaged — and the Indian and global standards that govern every bottle we make.
Understanding alkaline water
What alkaline water is, how it differs from regular water, its typical pH, and an honest summary — including what the WHO says — of what the evidence does and doesn't support.
Read the guide
Built to Indian & global standards
We manufacture to recognised specifications so distributors, institutions and export partners can specify against them with confidence.
Indian standards
BIS · FSSAI · national regulation
- IS 14543
Packaged Drinking Water
· Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)Specification for packaged drinking water (other than natural mineral water) — physical, chemical and microbiological requirements for treated water from any approved source. Alkaline and RO waters are produced under this standard.
- IS 13428
Packaged Natural Mineral Water
· Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)Specification for natural mineral water drawn from a protected underground source and bottled with minimal treatment, with defined mineral and safety parameters.
- IS 10500
Drinking Water — Specification
· Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)The national reference specification for drinking-water quality (acceptable and permissible limits for contaminants) — a benchmark our purification and testing targets.
- FSSAI
FSS Act & Licence
· Food Safety and Standards Authority of IndiaManufacturing packaged / mineral water is a licensed food business under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. A State or Central FSSAI licence and compliant labelling are mandatory.
- IS 12252
Food-grade PET
· Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)Specification for polyalkylene terephthalates (PET / PBT) for safe use in contact with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water — virgin food-grade resin with defined overall-migration limits.
- FSS Packaging 2018
Packaging Regulations
· FSSAIFood Safety and Standards (Packaging) Regulations, 2018 — governs food-contact materials, referencing IS 12252 for PET and setting migration and suitability requirements for packaging.
Global standards
WHO · Codex · ISO · FDA · EU
- WHO GDWQ
Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
· World Health OrganizationThe international reference for microbial, chemical and operational water safety. pH is treated as an operational parameter (optimum often 6.5–9.5) with no health-based guideline value.
- CODEX 227
Bottled / Packaged Drinking Waters
· Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO)General standard for packaged drinking waters other than natural mineral waters — hygiene, composition and labelling for internationally traded bottled water.
- CODEX 108
Natural Mineral Waters
· Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO)Standard and code of practice (CAC/RCP 33) for the collection, processing and marketing of natural mineral waters in international trade.
- ISO 9001
Quality Management Systems
· International Organization for StandardizationFramework for consistent, repeatable quality management — process control, documentation and continual improvement across operations.
- ISO 22000 / HACCP
Food Safety Management
· ISO / Codex AlimentariusFood safety management and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points — systematic identification and control of hazards throughout production.
- FDA 21 CFR 177.1630
PET Food-Contact (USA)
· U.S. Food & Drug AdministrationRecognises PET as a permitted food-contact polymer in the United States — relevant for export programmes to North America.
- EU 10/2011 · 1935/2004
Food-Contact Materials (EU)
· European UnionFramework Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 and Plastics Regulation (EU) 10/2011 govern food-contact plastics for exports to the European market.
Where does alkaline water fit? There is no separate “alkaline water” standard. It is produced and regulated as packaged drinking water (IS 14543 / Codex 227), with pH treated as an operational parameter — the WHO cites an optimum often in the range 6.5–9.5, with no health-based guideline value for pH.
Standard codes and scopes are summarised for orientation. Always confirm the current revision and applicability with the issuing body (BIS, FSSAI, WHO, Codex, ISO).
Key topics in water & packaging
Bite-sized, factual summaries of the technologies and principles behind our products.
The importance of hydration
Water supports nearly every function in the body — from temperature regulation to nutrient transport. Reliable access to safe drinking water is a foundation of everyday wellbeing.
- Water makes up a large proportion of body weight and is essential to normal function.
- Needs vary by individual, activity level, climate and health status.
- Consistent access to safe water supports focus, comfort and performance at work and home.
What makes drinking water safe
Safe drinking water meets defined microbiological and chemical parameters. Achieving that consistently requires validated treatment plus verification — not a single filter.
- Safety is defined against recognised standards for contaminants and microbiology.
- Treatment must be validated and monitored, then verified by laboratory testing.
- Packaging and sealing protect the product between production and consumption.
Reverse osmosis (RO)
RO pushes water through a semi-permeable membrane that blocks dissolved solids, salts and many contaminants, producing a clean baseline for further treatment.
- Removes a high proportion of dissolved solids and impurities.
- Creates a consistent baseline that can then be mineral-balanced.
- Membrane performance is monitored to maintain output quality.
UV sterilisation
Ultraviolet light inactivates microorganisms by disrupting their DNA — a chemical-free disinfection step that leaves no taste or by-products.
- Chemical-free microbiological control.
- No residual taste or disinfection by-products.
- Effective as part of a multi-barrier approach, not in isolation.
Ozonisation
Ozone is a powerful oxidant used as a final microbiological safeguard. It also helps preserve freshness in the sealed bottle before naturally reverting to oxygen.
- Strong final disinfection barrier.
- Helps maintain freshness in sealed packaging.
- Dosing is controlled and monitored for safety and taste.
Mineral balancing
After purification, selected essential minerals are re-introduced to a controlled target. This shapes taste and can define a mineral or alkaline product profile.
- Restores taste after aggressive purification.
- Enables consistent mineral and pH targets batch to batch.
- Custom profiles possible for private-label programmes within limits.
Packaging safety
Food-grade PET and compliant closures protect product quality. Material selection, hygiene and sealing all contribute to a safe, stable finished product.
- Food-grade, migration-compliant materials.
- Hygienic filling under filtered air minimises contamination risk.
- Sealing integrity protects the product through the supply chain.
Sustainable manufacturing
Lowering environmental impact means addressing water use, energy, waste and packaging together — with measurable targets rather than slogans.
- Water stewardship: recovery and responsible use.
- Lightweighting and recycled-content packaging where suitable.
- Energy efficiency and waste reduction across operations.
Need documentation or a spec against a standard?
We can share test reports, certifications and traceability documentation mapped to the standards above — for your tender, import or due-diligence process.